Firearm



C. C.- LOOMlS FIREARM Filed Oct. 17, 1928 Patented Get. 2Q, @Si

inzage 1;* ori CRAWFORD o. Loomis, or Irion, nnvryoax, Assicrnoia fro nnivrine'ron .ani/rs ooM- .EAN'SQ INCWA CORPORATION OF DELAXVARE FIREARM Application filed October'l?, 1928. SerialNo. 312,960.

vThis inventioiirelates to'firearms', particulaily firearms of the soca'lled repeating type,"in 'which a number of cartridges are storend :in a magazine forming apart of the firearm and are transferred'from 'the' maga- -z`ine,"one ata time, to the firing chamber by lthe manual operation of a suitable element, vsuch as a bolt, lever, or sliding forearm.-

1 In gunsof this type, the first operation which is performed upon the manipulation of the operating-dementie theunlocking of the chamber closing breech block, and this operation is vfollo'vved by theV retraction of such block'to open the chamber. Incidental to 'thef retraction of the'breech block, the fired shell'V in: the chamber is Withdrawn or extracted by'means ofsuitable devices genera'llyassociated With the breech block. The extractor device frequently consists of a spring controlled hook mounted in or associated with the breech block and adapted toengage the rim of the shell in the chamber to extract the shell during the retracting The shell,

able opening'in the receiver'by the actionof a suitable e] ector device which becomes effec- Ytive When the red shell reaches the proper position.

Owing to. the high breech pressure Which is developed in firing modern cartridges, the

cartridge case or shell is expanded to closely engage the Wallsof the ring chamber and considerable force may be necessary to extract it therefrom. VVhe'n' the extractor de ting the Withdrawal of the hook leaving the empty shell in the chamber.

and-the extracting force is thus not in alignnie'ntwith the resultant of the frictional resistance which opposes they, WithdrawalV of the shell. s v 1 It is an object of this invention to provide being closed and locked.

y Such a hook -at'best engages theshell rim at one side only an improved extractor mechanism which will insure the extraction of even very tightly fitting shells. lt is a further object of the invention to provide an extractor Which so engages the shell that the extracting force l,

is supplied substantially in alignment With the resultant of the resisting force. It is a further lobject'of therinvention to provide an extractor device so related to the breech block and to the chamber that when the: breech 60 block is moved to unlocked position ready to begin its rearward movement, the extractor will engage the rim of the shell in a plurality of positions. It is a further object of the invention to provide an extractor device fl lwhich, When the shell reaches the proper position for ejection will act to assist the ejec-l tionthereof andwto provide positively acting ejectors Which Work in conjunction Withfsuch l extractor.l r I Y In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional elevation ofa firearm embodying he present invention, the breech Fig.v2 is alfragmentarylongitudinal sectional elevation showing the breech unlocked and the: extractors in engagement 'with 'the 'shell rim ready to 4Withdraw the shell trom j Ythe chamber. v l

`F ig. 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal sec- 'tional elevation showing the breech block retractedi to shell ejecting position.

Fig. 4 is" av plan view of the receiver, the top Wall being removed toshow the interior j mechanism.

Fig. 5is a transverse sectional/elevation substantially on line--- ofv Fig. 1. Y

The invention as illustrated is applied to a firearm of the type described in the U. S. r patents to APedersen #719,955, Feb. 3, 1903, 'and #789,932, May 16, 1905'. although it Will Abe understood that it is readily applicable'to firearms of other types.r

The firearm comprises va `barrel 110 and a y cartridge containing magazine 11, 'both of`A Which are vsecured to the forward end of Va receiver 12 Which contains `the fire control mechanism. The ringchamber isclosed by the breech block 13 comprising aslot 14, i

adapted to receive a lug carried at the rear- 1*'1 .by a trigger 22 pivoted at 23.

ward end of an action bar 15 (Fig. 1) which extends forward from the receiver along the magazine tube 11 and is operated by means of the usual sliding forearm (not shown). The cartridges, which are arra-nged in column in the magazine 11 are removed therefrom one at a time and transferred to a position in alignment with the firing chamber by means of the carrier device 16 mounted on the longitudinally extendingV spindle 17 in one side of the receiver. lThe carrier is operated by means of suitable control surfaces on the breech block and is more fully described in the above mentioned Pedersen patents. In its breech closing position the breech bloc-k is locked by the engagement of the upper partJ of its rearward end with a shoulder 18 on the receiver, as illustrated in Fig. 1.. When the action bar 15 is retracted, owing to the inclination of the slot 14 the breech block is iirstrocked about the lower edge of its forward face lowering` the rear end out of engagement with the shoulder 18 to the position shown in Fig. 2. Further rearward movement of the action bar retracts the-.breech block to the position shown in Fig. 3. A firing pin or striker 19 which is urged forward by spring 20 extends longitudinally through the breech block and is adapted to be controlled by sea-r 21 operated The foregoing .devices are more fully illustrated and de scribed in the above mentioned Pedersen patents.

Th form of the improved extractor device of the present invention which' has been chosen for the purpose of illustration is constructed as follows:

A lower extractor hook 24. is supported on a transverse pivotV 25 in the upper portion of .the breech block, the breech block being suitably recessed to receive it. .The upwardly extending part of this hook is latterly offset from the hook and the forwardly extending shank which carries it to provide .the proper clearance for the ring pin. The

hook is also provided with an upwardly extending tongue 26 carrying a pivot 27upon which a tension arm'28 is pivoted. The arm 28 extends forward, lying in a groove in the breech block,'is offset upwardly a short distance from its forward end, and terminated in a downwardly inclined face 281. Adjacent the face 281 on the lower edge` of the arm is a arcuate recess or notch 282 adapt-ed to engage the rim of the shell. The tension arm 28l also extends rearwardly from the pivot 27 and is provided witha shoulder 29 adapted for engagement by a nose 30 which is integral with the hook 24. An aperture 31 in the arm 28, located between pivot "27 and shoulder 29, receives one end of a spring which is coiled about' the pivotv 25 and bears upon a'suitable surface' in the breech block. The'sprmg thus tends tov dra-w the arm 28 downwardly, and if the shoulder 29 is in contact with the nose 30 the hook 24 is drawn upwardly.

The position of the extractor device when the breech is locked is shown in Fig. 1. It will be seen that while the hook 24 is in engagement with the shell rim the notch 282.'I stands somewhat forward and slight-ly above the shell rim, the inclined face 281 resting upon the similarly inclined end of a recess in the chamber wall. The offset end of arm 28 lies in a recess 121 in the top of the receiver. YVhen the breech is unlocked it is rocked from the Fig. 1 position to the Fig. 2 position as Vheretofore describedl and in this movement the arm 28 moves rearwardly, the notch 282 engaging the; shell rim as' illustrated in Fig.

2. Thus, in this position when the'breech Vblock is ready to begin itsA rearward Inovement, both hook 214 and notch 282 rmlvengage the shell rim, at substantially diametrically opposite points. extracting force applied through them. is therefore in align- Vment with the center of the frictional resistance which opposes the extraction of' the shell, and its extraction is thus facilitated. Y As the breech blockV moves: rearwardly it is gradually lowered, but. it is obviously de'- sirable that the shell headremain substantially in alignment with the chamber until the shellmouth is clear of the chamber. To secure this result the breech block recess containing the hook 24 is cut deep enough to permit this hook and with it the entire extractor device to move upward to the position shown in Fig'. 3. This movement is facilitated by spring 32,. which tends to rock the extractor device clock-Wise about its pivot 25. Thus as the breech block moves rearwardly the extractor device moves, Withrespect to thebreech block... from the Fig. 2 positiony tothe Fig. 3 position, the shell held. thereby in substantial alignment with the chamber. Duringthe greater part of this movement the offset forward end of arm 28 traverses ar guide: groove' 121 in the top of' the receiver.

At about the position shown in Fig. 3v the shank of hook 24V engages the bottom 131 of its recess in the breech block stopping the upward movement of the extractor device. The shell head is then carried downward slightly, and i-s then engaged bv the fixed ejector lugs-133 and 331 (Figs. 3 and 5),. Substantially simultaneously the shoulder 283 tion, the shell bein-g similarly turned by the .combined action of hook. 24, lugs 33 and 331,

and arm 28, and is forcefull'yejectedthru the loading and ejecting opening in the bottom of the receiver. v. A

When the action is closed the hook 24 rests against the rim of the shell in the chamber or in the absence of a shell against the inclined end of the barrel. It Will be noted that when the gun is taken down by removing barrel or barrel and magazine assembly from the receiver, the breech block being in or adjacent to its forward position, upward movement of the hook 24 is prevented by the engagement of the projection 26 With the receiver top. Displacement of the extractor device and particularly movement of the hook across the face of the breech block to a position in which it would interfere with replacing the barrel is thus prevented.

Variations and modifications of the precise construction shown and described may be made Within the scope oi the appended claims, Which are to be broadly construed.

What is claimed is:

l. In a firearm in combination a cartridge containing chamber, a breech block adapted to close said chamber, an extractor device associated With said breech block comprising a pivoted extractor hook, and a tension arm comprising a notch adapted to engage the rim of a. shell in said chamber pivoted to the extractor hook.

2. In a firearm a cartridge containing chamber, a breech block adapted to close said chamber by its longitudinal movement and to be locked in chamber closing position by a rotary movement, an extractor device comprising a plurality of elements adapted to engage the rim ofa cartridge in said chamber at spaced points, one of said elements being out of engagement with said rim when said breech block is locked, and moved into engagement With said rim by the rotary movement of said breech block to unlocked position.

3. In a firearm comprising a chamber, a chamber closing breech block and a breech block housing receiver, an extractor device mounted in said breech block comprising elements adapted to engage the shell rim at relatively spaced positions, one of said elements being positively held in engagement with the shell rim by contact With said receiver, and being yieldable to release the shell rim for ejection of the shell. Y

4. In a rearm comprising a chamber, a breech block adapted to close said chamber and to be retracted to a position out of alignment With said chamber, an extractor device mounted in said breech block adapted to engage the rim of a shell in said chamber and being movable relative said breech block to hold said shell in alignment With said chamber While the breech block moves out of such alignment. Y Y

5. In a firearm comprising a chamber and a chamber closing breech block, a device for extracting shells from said chamber mounted in said breech block and comprising elements adapted to engage the rim of a shell. in said chamber at spaced points, a control spring lurging the shell rimL engaging elementsup- Ward relative to said breech block, and means -for limiting said'upvvard movement ofrsaidflm lextractor hook adapted to engage the .rim 'of'ashelh a tension arm having a shell rim 'engaging notch pivotedV to the-rst extractor hook, a spring urging -the free ends ofsaid hooks and said tension arm toward each other, and interengaging abutments on said hooks and said arm limiting their movement toward each other by. said spring.A

vv8. In a. firearmv-comprising av breech block, an extractor device mounted in said breech blockand comprising a plurality of shell rim engaging elements, means whereby said elements 'are permitted .a limited individual movement with respect to said breech block, and; means permitting said device a unitary movement with respect to said breech block While its Aelements remain `relatively .iixed 9. VIn a firearm comprising a chamber, a breech block and `a breech block housing receiver, an extractor device mounted in said breech block, means for eii'ecting movement of said extractor device relative to said breech block during a part of its movement whereby the shell is held in alignment with ments on said hooks limiting their movement Y by said spring.

11. In a firearm comprising a chamber, a breech block adapted to close said chamber and to be retracted to a chamber opening position out of alignment With said chamber, a receiver housing said breech block, a device for extracting shells from said chamber mounted in said breech block, means for maintaining said extractor device in alignment lWith said chamber during a substantial part of the retractive movement of said breech block, an ejector lug in said receiver adapted to engage the head of the shell near the end of the retractive movement of the breech block and means associated With said` receiver for positively restoring the extractor Aso "ies

device to normal position in the breech block substantially simultaneously With the engagement of the shell head with said ejector lug.

5 12. In a firearm comprising a barrel, a receiver and a breech block housed in said re ceiver, an extractor device mounted in said breech block and comprising an extractor member projecting from the forward face of '10 said breech block adapted for movement transversely of said face, means whereby the barrel prevents transverse'movement of the extractor member, and supplemental means integral With the receiver for preventing transverse movement of the extractor 4When the barrel is removed. Y

18. In a firearm, a breech block7 an extractor device kcarried by said breech block comprising a pivoted extractor claw and a '20 shell rim engaging arm pivoted on said claw.

14. Ina rearm, a receiver, a reciprocable breech block therein, an extractor device carried by said breech block adapted to engage the rim of a` cartridge shell,A said extractor device being movable transversely relative to said breech block, and means carried by said recciverengageable with said extractor device during the extracting movement of said breech block to impart a transverse shell ejecting movement to said extractor device.

CRAIVFORD C. LOOMIS. 

